Evidence

Show Me the Science

What research supports the ideas behind Recalibrate — and where does the science stop and the educational model begin?

Mental fitness sits across several research areas rather than one single scientific discipline.

Recalibrate draws on research concerning:

  • emotion
  • emotion regulation
  • interoception
  • attention
  • stress and arousal
  • cognitive appraisal
  • anticipation and prediction
  • memory
  • behavioural learning
  • reinforcement
  • neuroplasticity
  • recovery
  • sleep
  • decision-making
  • social context
  • individual differences

THE EVIDENCE PAGE EXISTS TO MAKE THOSE CONNECTIONS TRANSPARENT

We Don't Need to Pretend a Metaphor Is Neuroscience for It to Be Useful

Recalibrate uses accessible models to help people understand complex interactions involving:

  • body
  • brain
  • emotion
  • attention
  • memory
  • learning
  • interpretation
  • prediction
  • behaviour
  • environment
  • experience

Some concepts are directly grounded in established research areas.

Some models are Recalibrate's way of organising those concepts for education.

Those are not the same thing.

EVIDENCE ≠ MARKETING

Evidence Status

Every concept on this page carries a status label. These labels distinguish what is supported by research, what is developing, what is debated, what is Recalibrate's educational synthesis, what is metaphor, and what still requires direct validation.

Broadly Supported

Substantial evidence supports the broad concept.

Developing

Evidence exists, but important questions remain.

Debated

Meaningful scientific disagreement or uncertainty exists.

Recalibrate Synthesis

Recalibrate has organised research-informed concepts into an educational framework.

Educational Metaphor

Used to aid understanding. Not a literal anatomical or neurological model.

Validation Required

Do not claim effectiveness of the Recalibrate intervention itself without direct evaluation.

NO NUMERICAL EVIDENCE SCORES

No "95% proven", "science score", "evidence percentage", "credibility score", or traffic-light simplification without explanatory text.

Recalibrate Evidence Map

Select a Recalibrate concept to see the research domains it draws on and its evidence status.

Three Different Questions

Question 1

Is the underlying scientific concept supported?

Interoception is a recognised scientific research field.

Question 2

Is Recalibrate's explanation consistent with that evidence?

This requires scientific review and careful referencing.

Question 3

Has Recalibrate itself been shown to produce a particular outcome?

That requires direct evaluation of Recalibrate.

THESE QUESTIONS MUST NOT BE CONFUSED

Interoception

Interoception concerns sensing, integrating and interpreting signals originating within the body.

  • heartbeat
  • breathing
  • gut sensations
  • temperature
  • pain
  • energy
  • other internal bodily states

Interoception is relevant to how bodily signals contribute to subjective experience and emotion.

SIGNAL ≠ DIAGNOSIS

References

Berntson, G. G., & Khalsa, S. S. (2021)

Neural Circuits of Interoception

Review

Journal: Trends in Neurosciences

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Interoception

Recalibrate relevance

Neural circuits underlying interoceptive processing.

Limitations / interpretation

Review of circuits; does not validate Recalibrate-specific applications.

Khalsa, S. S., et al. (2021)

The Emerging Science of Interoception: Sensing, Integrating, Interpreting, and Regulating Signals within the Self

Review

Journal: Trends in Neurosciences

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Interoception

Recalibrate relevance

Overview of interoception as a scientific field.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate Body Dashboard™ or any Recalibrate-specific model.

Greenwood, R., & Garfinkel, S. (2025)

Interoceptive Mechanisms and Emotional Processing

Review

Journal: Annual Review of Psychology

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Interoception

Recalibrate relevance

Links between interoception and emotion.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Emotion

Modern neuroscience does not support presenting emotion as the output of one isolated "emotional brain." Emotion involves distributed and interacting processes.

Emotion involves distributed brain networks and interacting processes, not a single isolated "emotional brain."

EMOTION IS NOT ONE TINY BRAIN SYSTEM

References

Underwood, A., et al. (2021)

Networks underpinning emotion: A systematic review and synthesis of functional and effective connectivity

Systematic Review

Journal: NeuroImage

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion

Recalibrate relevance

Emotion involves distributed networks, not a single "emotional brain."

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Authors NOT YET ADDED (2025)

The brain bases of emotion generation and emotion regulation

Review

Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

EmotionEmotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Brain bases of emotion generation and regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Authors not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Emotion Regulation

Emotion regulation research examines processes through which emotional responses may be influenced, modified, maintained or managed.

Emotion regulation involves processes that can influence emotional responses. Regulation is not synonymous with suppression, calm, happiness, or elimination of emotion.

REGULATION ≠ SUPPRESSION

References

Authors NOT YET ADDED (2025)

The brain bases of emotion generation and emotion regulation

Review

Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

EmotionEmotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Brain bases of emotion generation and regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Authors not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Wright, R., Adcock, R. A., & LaBar, K. S. (2025)

Learning emotion regulation: An integrative framework

Theoretical

Journal: Psychological Review

DOI: 10.1037/rev0000506

PMID: 39298220

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Integrative framework for learning emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Theoretical framework; does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Morawetz, S., et al. (2025)

Emotion regulation: From neural circuits to a transdiagnostic perspective

Review

Journal: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105960

PMID: 39615712

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Neural circuits and transdiagnostic perspective on emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Morawetz, S., & Basten, D. (2024)

Neural underpinnings of individual differences in emotion regulation: A systematic review

Systematic Review

Journal: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105727

PMID: 38759742

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Individual differences in emotion regulation — supports Recalibrate's refusal to prescribe one universal technique.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Etkin, A., Büchel, C., & Gross, J. J. (2015)

The neural bases of emotion regulation

Review

Journal: Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Foundational review of neural bases of emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Older review; verify complete bibliographic data before publishing.

Kohn, N., et al. (2014)

Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation — ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis

Meta-analysis

Journal: NeuroImage

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.001

PMID: 24220041

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Meta-analysis of neural networks in cognitive emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Langer, et al. (2025)

The effects of stress hormones on cognitive emotion regulation: A systematic review and integrative model

Systematic Review

Journal: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: 39909150

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Stress & ArousalEmotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Stress hormones interact with cognitive emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

DOI not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Konrad, et al. (2025)

Neural correlates and plasticity of explicit emotion regulation following trauma

Experimental

Journal: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Volume: 19

Pages: 1523035

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Emotion regulation following trauma.

Limitations / interpretation

Use only within its actual scope. Do NOT generalise beyond the study/review findings.

The Same Tool Will Not Work the Same Way for Everyone

Research into emotion regulation demonstrates meaningful individual differences.

A regulation strategy may vary in usefulness depending on:

  • person
  • context
  • timing
  • goal
  • current state
  • health
  • environment
  • other factors

This supports Recalibrate's refusal to prescribe one universal regulation technique.

TOOL ≠ UNIVERSAL SOLUTION

Stress & Arousal

Stress-related physiological and hormonal processes can interact with attention, memory, emotion, cognitive control, decision-making, and regulation.

Stress can interact with attention, memory, emotion, cognitive control, decision-making, and regulation.

STATE CAN INFLUENCE CAPACITY

References

Langer, et al. (2025)

The effects of stress hormones on cognitive emotion regulation: A systematic review and integrative model

Systematic Review

Journal: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: 39909150

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Stress & ArousalEmotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Stress hormones interact with cognitive emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

DOI not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Attention

Attention involves selection and prioritisation of information. What currently captures attention can influence experience and behaviour.

Attention shapes what becomes available to us.

WHAT HAS YOUR ATTENTION ≠ EVERYTHING THAT MATTERS

Cognitive Appraisal / Interpretation

People do not respond only to raw external events. Interpretation and appraisal can contribute to emotional experience and behavioural response.

Interpretation and appraisal can contribute to emotional experience and behavioural response.

EVENT ≠ INTERPRETATION

Anticipation & Prediction

Anticipation of future events can influence emotion, attention, physiological state, and behaviour.

Connects to

Humans respond to what might happen. Anticipation can influence current states and behaviour.

PREDICTION ≠ OUTCOME

Memory

Human memory is reconstructive. Recollection can be incomplete, influenced by later information, context-sensitive, and sometimes inaccurate.

Memory is not a perfect recording. It is reconstructive.

MEMORY ≠ RECORDING

Memory Evidence Boundary

Recalibrate does NOT use memory science to:

  • challenge someone's testimony
  • declare a memory false
  • recover hidden memories
  • construct unverified historical explanations

Past experience can influence current responses without requiring the person to construct a trauma explanation.

MEMORY IS ONE SOURCE OF INFORMATION WITHIN A LARGER CONTEXT

Learning

Behavioural learning research shows that outcomes can influence the likelihood of future behaviour.

Experience can shape future responses. Outcomes can influence the likelihood of future behaviour.

OUTCOMES SHAPE LEARNING

Reinforcement

A behaviour can produce an immediate consequence that makes repetition more likely.

Immediate outcomes can influence future behaviour likelihood.

IMMEDIATE RELIEF ≠ LONG-TERM BENEFIT

Avoidance Learning

Avoidance is not inherently pathological. Avoiding genuine danger can be adaptive. But avoidance of discomfort or anticipated threat can sometimes prevent new information or maintain learned responses.

Connects to

Avoidance can be protective and can also become a pattern.

FUNCTION + CONTEXT MATTER

Habit

Repeated behaviour in recurring contexts can become increasingly familiar and require less deliberate thought.

Connects to

Familiar responses can become easier to repeat.

PATTERN ≠ IDENTITY

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity broadly describes the capacity of neural systems to change in relation to experience, learning, development, injury, practice, and other influences.

The nervous system can learn and adapt.

PLASTICITY ≠ LIMITLESSNESS

References

Authors NOT YET ADDED (2025)

The neuroplastic brain: current breakthroughs and emerging frontiers

Review

Journal: Brain Research

Volume: 1858

Pages: 149643

DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149643

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Neuroplasticity

Recalibrate relevance

Current state of neuroplasticity research.

Limitations / interpretation

Authors not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific claims about neuroplasticity.

What We Do Not Say About Neuroplasticity

Recalibrate does NOT say:

  • "Rewire your brain."
  • "Create new neural pathways in 21 days."
  • "Think positively and your brain will change."
  • "Neurons that fire together wire together, therefore..."
  • "Recalibrate literally rewires the brain."

NEUROPLASTICITY IS NOT A MARKETING PROMISE

Practice & Learning

Skill development generally requires more than intellectual understanding. Practice provides opportunities to recognise, apply, receive feedback, adjust, and learn.

Practice matters for skill development.

INFORMATION ≠ CHANGE

Recovery

Recovery following physical, cognitive or emotional demand can involve multiple factors including sleep, rest, physiological recovery, environment, social support, health, nutrition, and reduction or resolution of demands.

Capacity is affected by what came before. Recovery involves multiple factors.

REGULATION INCLUDES RECOVERY

Sleep

Sleep is relevant to attention, memory, emotion, energy, cognition, and functioning.

Sleep is part of the operating conditions.

SLEEP IS PART OF THE OPERATING CONDITIONS

Social Context

Research across psychology and neuroscience recognises that social context matters. Relationships can influence emotion, stress, behaviour, learning, support, and recovery.

Human responses don't happen in isolation. Social context matters.

DON'T REDUCE EVERY PROBLEM TO THE INDIVIDUAL

References

Van Overwalle, F. (2024)

Social and emotional learning in the cerebellum

Review

Journal: Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Volume: 25

Pages: 776–791

DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00871-5

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Social Context

Recalibrate relevance

Social and emotional learning processes.

Limitations / interpretation

Do NOT use this paper to imply that social learning is located only in the cerebellum.

Recalibrate Does Not Turn Every Pattern Into Trauma

Traumatic experiences can affect psychological and physiological functioning.

But Recalibrate does NOT assume that:

  • appeasement
  • avoidance
  • anger
  • withdrawal
  • control
  • perfectionism
  • reassurance-seeking

proves trauma.

PATTERN ≠ DIAGNOSIS

Trauma-related conditions require appropriate professional assessment.

Reference

Konrad, et al. (2025)

Neural correlates and plasticity of explicit emotion regulation following trauma

Experimental

Journal: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Volume: 19

Pages: 1523035

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Emotion regulation following trauma.

Limitations / interpretation

Use only within its actual scope. Do NOT generalise beyond the study/review findings.

What About "Fawn"?

"Fawn" is widely used informally to describe appeasing behaviour in response to perceived interpersonal threat or conflict.

However, Recalibrate does NOT present fawn as:

  • a psychiatric diagnosis
  • a universally established neurobiological response category
  • proof of trauma
  • a fixed personality type

Recalibrate therefore prefers the descriptive term:

APPEASEMENT

and investigates:

WHAT FUNCTION IS THE BEHAVIOUR SERVING?

What About Polyvagal Theory?

Polyvagal theory has influenced trauma-informed, therapeutic and wellbeing communities. Some aspects have generated substantial interest.

Important aspects of its proposed mechanisms and interpretations remain scientifically debated.

Therefore, Recalibrate does NOT use polyvagal theory as the scientific foundation for:

  • NCRM™
  • Regulation Compass
  • Fire Alarm Framework™
  • Human Operating System™

Recalibrate does NOT teach:

  • ventral vagal = safe
  • sympathetic = fight/flight
  • dorsal vagal = shutdown

as a universal diagnostic map.

WHERE SCIENCE IS DEBATED, SAY IT IS DEBATED

Useful Language — But Don't Turn It Into Identity

Fight, flight and freezing-related responses are useful broad descriptions in discussions of defensive behaviour.

But human responses are more complex than fixed boxes.

Recalibrate does NOT teach:

  • "You are a fight type."
  • "You are a freeze person."
  • "Your nervous system chose fawn."

BEHAVIOUR REQUIRES CONTEXT

The Amygdala Is Not "Your Fire Alarm"

The amygdala contributes to multiple processes relevant to learning, salience, emotion and threat-related processing.

FIRE ALARM FRAMEWORK™ IS A METAPHOR

It is not another name for the amygdala.

Recalibrate does NOT display a brain diagram pointing to the amygdala labelled:

ALARM SYSTEM

Why We Don't Teach the Reptilian Brain

Popular triune-brain explanations divide the brain into:

  • reptilian
  • emotional
  • rational

This is an oversimplified representation of modern neuroscience.

Recalibrate therefore uses:

INTERACTING SYSTEMS

rather than:

OLD BRAIN vs NEW BRAIN

Do We Choose Our First Response?

Research examining neural activity preceding voluntary movement has generated important questions about conscious awareness, intention, and voluntary action.

It does NOT justify the simple claim:

"YOUR BRAIN DECIDES BEFORE YOU DO."

and does NOT establish that free will has been disproved.

Recalibrate's safe teaching point is:

NOT EVERYTHING HAPPENING INSIDE US BEGINS WITH DELIBERATE CONSCIOUS THOUGHT

YOU MAY NOT CHOOSE YOUR FIRST RESPONSE

YOU CAN LEARN TO WORK WITH WHAT FOLLOWS

Do not overclaim the neuroscience.

Thought ≠ Fact — But Thought ≠ Enemy

Thoughts are part of human cognition. They may contain:

  • accurate information
  • inaccurate information
  • interpretation
  • prediction
  • memory
  • possibility
  • imagination
  • uncertainty

Recalibrate does NOT teach:

DON'T TRUST YOUR THOUGHTS

Instead:

NOTICE WHAT KIND OF INFORMATION THE THOUGHT CONTAINS

Emotion ≠ Instruction

Emotions can provide information about:

  • needs
  • goals
  • threat
  • loss
  • reward
  • relationships
  • values
  • other aspects of experience

But emotion alone does not determine what behaviour should follow.

SIGNAL ≠ INSTRUCTION

URGE ≠ ACTION

Do not imply emotion is irrational noise.

Distress Is Not Automatically Disorder

Difficult thoughts, emotions and physiological states occur as part of ordinary human life.

Clinical conditions involve additional considerations such as:

  • pattern
  • duration
  • severity
  • impairment
  • risk
  • diagnostic criteria

DISTRESS ≠ DISORDER

But: Do NOT use this principle to minimise severe or persistent symptoms.

Recalibrate Claims Register

Transparency about what Recalibrate claims, the type of claim, the evidence basis, the limitation, and the status.

Body signals can contribute to subjective experience.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Interoception research

Limitation

Specific sensations do not uniquely identify emotions or diagnoses.

Body Dashboard™

Educational Metaphor

Type

Educational metaphor

Evidence basis

Interoception research

Limitation

Not literal anatomy or diagnostic tool.

Fire Alarm Framework™

Educational Metaphor

Type

Educational metaphor

Evidence basis

Attention, emotion, stress, anticipation, memory and learning research.

Limitation

Not one biological alarm system.

NCRM™ improves mental fitness.

Validation Required

Type

Recalibrate-specific effectiveness claim

Evidence basis

Requires direct evaluation.

Limitation

Underlying components may be research-informed, but framework-specific effectiveness must be tested.

Emotion involves distributed and interacting processes.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Emotion neuroscience research

Limitation

Specific mechanisms and boundaries continue to be investigated.

Regulation is not synonymous with suppression, calm, or elimination of emotion.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Emotion regulation research

Limitation

Recalibrate's specific regulation framework requires direct evaluation.

The same regulation tool will not work the same way for everyone.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Individual differences in emotion regulation research

Limitation

Specific Recalibrate tool selection has not been validated.

State can influence capacity.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Stress and arousal research

Limitation

Does not mean thinking is impossible under stress.

Human memory is reconstructive.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Memory research

Limitation

Does not mean memories are unreliable in general or should be dismissed.

Outcomes can influence the likelihood of future behaviour.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Behavioural learning research

Limitation

Does not mean all patterns arise through reinforcement.

The nervous system can learn and adapt.

Broadly Supported

Type

Research-informed statement

Evidence basis

Neuroplasticity research

Limitation

Plasticity is not limitless and not a marketing promise.

The ReCalibrate App changes your brain.

Validation Required

Type

Claim Recalibrate does NOT make

Evidence basis

Not supported.

Limitation

Recalibrate does not claim the app literally rewires the brain.

Polyvagal theory is settled science.

Debated

Type

Claim Recalibrate does NOT make

Evidence basis

Important aspects remain scientifically debated.

Limitation

Recalibrate does not use polyvagal theory as its scientific foundation.

"Fawn" is a psychiatric diagnosis.

Validation Required

Type

Claim Recalibrate does NOT make

Evidence basis

Not a psychiatric diagnosis.

Limitation

Recalibrate uses the descriptive term "appeasement" instead.

VALIDATION REQUIRED FOR RECALIBRATE-SPECIFIC EFFECTIVENESS

The NCRM™ claim "NCRM™ improves mental fitness" requires direct evaluation before it can be made.

Not All Evidence Answers the Same Question

Potential evidence sources include:

  • systematic reviews
  • meta-analyses
  • randomised controlled trials
  • experimental studies
  • observational studies
  • neuroimaging studies
  • qualitative research
  • theoretical papers
  • expert consensus

· A brain scan does not automatically prove a psychological intervention works.

· A mechanism study does not automatically prove clinical benefit.

· A correlation does not establish causation.

· A plausible theory is not the same as an effective intervention.

MECHANISM ≠ OUTCOME

Source Quality

Prefer

  • · peer-reviewed journals
  • · systematic reviews
  • · meta-analyses
  • · major review journals
  • · primary research where necessary
  • · authoritative scientific bodies

Avoid as scientific evidence

  • · blogs
  • · wellness websites
  • · marketing pages
  • · influencer content
  • · commercial training websites

They may be discussed separately as cultural context but not scientific substantiation.

Evidence Library

Searchable, filterable reference library. Every reference card shows authors, year, title, journal, DOI, PMID, evidence type, Recalibrate relevance, and limitations. Fields not yet verified are marked "NOT YET ADDED" — never invented.

14 references

Berntson, G. G., & Khalsa, S. S. (2021)

Neural Circuits of Interoception

Review

Journal: Trends in Neurosciences

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Interoception

Recalibrate relevance

Neural circuits underlying interoceptive processing.

Limitations / interpretation

Review of circuits; does not validate Recalibrate-specific applications.

Khalsa, S. S., et al. (2021)

The Emerging Science of Interoception: Sensing, Integrating, Interpreting, and Regulating Signals within the Self

Review

Journal: Trends in Neurosciences

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Interoception

Recalibrate relevance

Overview of interoception as a scientific field.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate Body Dashboard™ or any Recalibrate-specific model.

Greenwood, R., & Garfinkel, S. (2025)

Interoceptive Mechanisms and Emotional Processing

Review

Journal: Annual Review of Psychology

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Interoception

Recalibrate relevance

Links between interoception and emotion.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Underwood, A., et al. (2021)

Networks underpinning emotion: A systematic review and synthesis of functional and effective connectivity

Systematic Review

Journal: NeuroImage

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion

Recalibrate relevance

Emotion involves distributed networks, not a single "emotional brain."

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Authors NOT YET ADDED (2025)

The brain bases of emotion generation and emotion regulation

Review

Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

EmotionEmotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Brain bases of emotion generation and regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Authors not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Wright, R., Adcock, R. A., & LaBar, K. S. (2025)

Learning emotion regulation: An integrative framework

Theoretical

Journal: Psychological Review

DOI: 10.1037/rev0000506

PMID: 39298220

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Integrative framework for learning emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Theoretical framework; does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Morawetz, S., et al. (2025)

Emotion regulation: From neural circuits to a transdiagnostic perspective

Review

Journal: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105960

PMID: 39615712

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Neural circuits and transdiagnostic perspective on emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Morawetz, S., & Basten, D. (2024)

Neural underpinnings of individual differences in emotion regulation: A systematic review

Systematic Review

Journal: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105727

PMID: 38759742

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Individual differences in emotion regulation — supports Recalibrate's refusal to prescribe one universal technique.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Etkin, A., Büchel, C., & Gross, J. J. (2015)

The neural bases of emotion regulation

Review

Journal: Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Foundational review of neural bases of emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Older review; verify complete bibliographic data before publishing.

Kohn, N., et al. (2014)

Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation — ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis

Meta-analysis

Journal: NeuroImage

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.001

PMID: 24220041

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Meta-analysis of neural networks in cognitive emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

Does not validate NCRM™ or Recalibrate-specific approaches.

Langer, et al. (2025)

The effects of stress hormones on cognitive emotion regulation: A systematic review and integrative model

Systematic Review

Journal: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: 39909150

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Stress & ArousalEmotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Stress hormones interact with cognitive emotion regulation.

Limitations / interpretation

DOI not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific models.

Authors NOT YET ADDED (2025)

The neuroplastic brain: current breakthroughs and emerging frontiers

Review

Journal: Brain Research

Volume: 1858

Pages: 149643

DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149643

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Neuroplasticity

Recalibrate relevance

Current state of neuroplasticity research.

Limitations / interpretation

Authors not yet verified. Does not validate Recalibrate-specific claims about neuroplasticity.

Van Overwalle, F. (2024)

Social and emotional learning in the cerebellum

Review

Journal: Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Volume: 25

Pages: 776–791

DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00871-5

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Social Context

Recalibrate relevance

Social and emotional learning processes.

Limitations / interpretation

Do NOT use this paper to imply that social learning is located only in the cerebellum.

Konrad, et al. (2025)

Neural correlates and plasticity of explicit emotion regulation following trauma

Experimental

Journal: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Volume: 19

Pages: 1523035

DOI: NOT YET ADDED

PMID: NOT YET ADDED

PMCID: NOT YET ADDED

Research domain

Emotion Regulation

Recalibrate relevance

Emotion regulation following trauma.

Limitations / interpretation

Use only within its actual scope. Do NOT generalise beyond the study/review findings.

Evidence Library v1.0

Evidence review date to be added when formally confirmed.

SCIENCE CHANGES. THE EVIDENCE LIBRARY SHOULD BE ABLE TO CHANGE WITH IT.

Is This Science, Synthesis or Metaphor?

Select a Recalibrate concept to see its type, research connection, and meaning. This is a signature transparency feature.

Human Operating System™

Type

EDUCATIONAL METAPHOR

Research connection

AttentionInteroceptionEmotionMemoryLearning

Meaning

Educational metaphor / Recalibrate synthesis.

Evidence Corrections

If a reference is incorrect, superseded or interpreted too strongly, Recalibrate should be able to correct it transparently.

Correction record fields

Date
Original statement
Correction
Reason
Updated evidence

No corrections recorded. Corrections will be published here when identified.

CREDIBILITY REQUIRES THE WHOLE RESULT

Independent Scientific Review

Recalibrate intends to support independent review of:

  • scientific claims
  • educational interpretations
  • evidence selection
  • framework boundaries

Until reviewers are formally appointed:

INDEPENDENT REVIEWER DETAILS TO BE ADDED WHEN FORMALLY CONFIRMED— placeholder awaiting approved master copy.

Do not imply endorsement.

Testing Recalibrate Itself

Research supporting underlying concepts does NOT prove that the complete Recalibrate programme produces specific outcomes.

To evaluate Recalibrate itself, future research could examine:

  • feasibility
  • acceptability
  • engagement
  • knowledge acquisition
  • skill acquisition
  • self-reported usefulness
  • behavioural outcomes
  • wellbeing outcomes
  • workplace outcomes
  • retention of learning
  • adverse/unintended effects
  • comparison with appropriate alternatives where scientifically justified

THE FRAMEWORK SHOULD BE TESTED — NOT ASSUMED TO WORK

Future Pilot Evidence

Architecture for future programme pilots. Each future pilot card should support the fields below.

Possible pilot categories

VeteransWorkplacesConstructionRetreat programmesGeneral publicTraining environments

Each future pilot card supports

Population
Purpose
Method
Sample size
Measures
Duration
Results
Limitations
Conflicts of interest
Funding
Registration/publication link

No pilot results available. Results will be published here when studies are completed.

DO NOT CLAIM PILOT RESULTS BEFORE THEY EXIST

Evidence Means Reporting What Didn't Work Too

Future Recalibrate research should not publish only favourable findings.

Architecture should allow:

  • positive findings
  • null findings
  • negative findings
  • unexpected findings
  • adverse effects
  • limitations

CREDIBILITY REQUIRES THE WHOLE RESULT

Transparency

Recalibrate's creator(s) have an interest in the development and success of the framework.

Future research should disclose:

  • funding
  • commercial interests
  • author involvement
  • researcher independence
  • data ownership
  • relevant conflicts

Do NOT invent current commercial arrangements.

Personal Experience Matters — But It Answers a Different Question

Testimonials may tell us:

  • · what someone experienced
  • · what they found meaningful
  • · what they liked
  • · what they believe helped

They do not by themselves establish:

  • causation
  • clinical effectiveness
  • generalisability
  • mechanism

TESTIMONIAL ≠ CLINICAL EVIDENCE

Lived Experience

Do not dismiss lived experience.

Lived experience can be highly valuable for:

  • design
  • language
  • acceptability
  • accessibility
  • identifying unmet needs
  • generating research questions

But lived experience and controlled scientific evidence answer different questions.

BOTH CAN INFORM THE WORK WITHOUT PRETENDING THEY ARE THE SAME THING

Evidence-Informed Does Not Mean Clinical Treatment

Recalibrate is currently presented as:

MENTAL-FITNESS EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Recalibrate is NOT described as:

  • psychotherapy
  • medical treatment
  • psychiatric treatment
  • trauma treatment
  • a clinically proven intervention

without appropriate evidence and regulatory basis.

MENTAL FITNESS ≠ MENTAL HEALTHCARE

Recalibrate Mental Fitness™ is an educational mental-fitness system. It does not diagnose mental-health conditions and does not replace appropriate medical, psychological or emergency care.

Questions We Still Need to Answer

  • · Does NCRM™ improve people's ability to recognise internal responses?
  • · Does practice increase decision space in measurable ways?
  • · Which parts are most useful?
  • · For whom?
  • · In which contexts?
  • · Does the ReCalibrate App improve skill acquisition compared with education alone?
  • · Do benefits persist?
  • · What unintended effects occur?
  • · Does the framework work differently across populations?
  • · What level of facilitation is useful?

THESE ARE RESEARCH QUESTIONS — NOT CLAIMS

Evidence Should Be Able to Change the Model

If good evidence contradicts:

  • a Recalibrate explanation
  • a metaphor
  • a teaching statement
  • an assumed mechanism

the framework should change.

THE MODEL SHOULD FOLLOW THE EVIDENCE — NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND

Understand What We Know — And What We Don't

  1. RESEARCH

    What scientific literature tells us.

  2. SYNTHESIS

    How Recalibrate organises useful concepts.

  3. EDUCATION

    How those concepts are explained.

  4. PRACTICE

    How people are invited to use them.

  5. EVALUATION

    What must be tested.

RESEARCH-INFORMED DOES NOT MEAN RECALIBRATE-PROVEN.

METAPHOR DOES NOT MEAN NEUROSCIENCE.

UNCERTAINTY DOES NOT MEAN USELESSNESS.

EVIDENCE SHOULD CHANGE THE MODEL WHEN THE EVIDENCE CHANGES.